A MUN

India mal-sak leh Burma mal-khang kici, sim leh mal zui-in Himalaya mualdung pan kipanin sim lamah Bay of Bengal tuipi pha dek in, sak leh khang zui-in Kawlzang leh India zanggam kikal sung, mualtung gam teng pen Tibeto-Burman kici khamtung minam tuamtuam in luah uh hi. Tibeto-Burman kim khat “Zo minam” ten pen Imphal zanggam pana sim lam Chittagong mualtung gam kiang dong luah in, tua pen Zogam ahi hi.

Zomi te pen hih lai munah a saklam Kawlzang panin kum zalom 12-na khawng panin tung in, minam khata a kipian cila kipanin Pasian in Zotate adinga a kamciam hih gam pen a luahpih leh a neihpih namdang kuamah om lo-in Zotate in Zo ukgam a phuhna hi a, Zogam hong piangkhia ahi hi. A gamvengte tawh lim taka gamgi khung om ngei lo-in, mal lamah Manipur leh Cachar gam, sim lamah Arakan leh Chittagong mualtung gam, khang lamah Tripura gam leh sak lamah Kawl-zanggam cihteng umcih hi.

Zogam pen namdang kuamah tawh kisai lo-in Zo minam tuamtuamte gam ahi hi. British te'n 1890 kum pan' kipan Ciau lui tawh khenin sak lam teng pen Chin hills vawh a, khang lam teng pen Lushai hills vawh in, mal lam teng pen Churachandpur District vawh hi. Ahi zongin hih thum ten Zogam teng huam kim zolo hi. Chin hills-ah Zomi leh Lai (Pawi) namte lian pen in, Lushai hills-ah Luseite lian pen hi. Tu-in Lushai hills-ah mihing 900,000 kiim omin, Chin hills-ah mihing 500,000 khawng leh Lamka (Churachandpur) District-ah mihing 200,000 kiim om hi. Kawlgam sunga Zomi te' khuapite pen - Tedim, Tonzang, Kawlpi, Gunkhawm, Khampat, Tamu, Homalin, Hakha, Falam, Thantlang, Matupi, Kanpelet, Paletwa leh Mindat khuate hi.

Mizoram ah - Aizawl, Lunglei, Saiha, Lawngtlai, Chawngte, Champhai, Kolasib, Serchhip leh Mamit khuate hi. Lamka District-ah - Lamka, Thanlon, Singngat, Parbung (Tipaimukh) leh Henglep khuate ahi hi.

A ZAINA

Zogam pen sim leh mal tehna a dung lam pen Equator mal lamah latitude 21.56 degree leh 24.30 degree kikal ah om-in, tai (mile) 250 khawnga sau-in kituat hi. Sak leh khang tehna a vai pen longitude 92.16 degree leh 94.20 degree kikal hi-in, tai (mile) 220 khawnga zai-in kituat hi. Mual leh guam tawh kidim, a kantan lampi kician om lo ahih manin tai (mile) in ahi zongin, kilometer in ahi zongin a zaina teh ding haksa mahmah hi. Lushai hills pen 21,087 sq.km zai-in, Chin hills pen 14,000 sq.mi in zai in, Lamka District pen 4,570 sq.km in zai ahi hi. Hih thum in a huam khak loh Zogam zaipi om lai hi. Zo minamte' luah gam teng khempeuh zaina pen sq.km 1,24,500 pawl hi ding hi.

A LEITANGH

Dr. Vum Son, Geologist muhna panin, Zogam leitangh pen moi mahmah lai hi. A suangte pen Mikang pau-a “sandstone leh slate” nam pian vive hi-in, guahtui leh hawktui in a nawtmaai theih namte hi. Leitangte zong kip lo-a, guahtui lutthei in, mencim baih mahmah hi. Leitangh uham dan tehna-ah Lushai hills leitangh pen Corezoic Era hun kici tu-ma kum then (million) 10-15 lai khawnga piang danin kituat hi.

Zogam leitang sungah minerals tampi tak omding in ki-um hi. Kawlzang tawh kidepna Gullu Mual-ah Chromate leh Nickel tampi kimu hi. Linestone leh suangphek (slate) zong tampi-om hi, kici hi.

A LIM LEH AMEL

Zogam pen a vekpi phialin mual leh guam vive tawh kidimin singkung lopa namcin in bawmin hing diildial hi. Mualsang dawnte meii in bawmdimdem zel ahih manin lunglenhuai mahmah hi. Mualsang dawnte pan ciktui phul in, mualdung leh mualdung kikalah luino luipi in luang sialsial hi.

Zogamah munzaang tam lo-in mual leh mual kikala mun zaang tawmtawm omte buh ciinna in kizang in, Zogam bupah Champhai zaanglei zai pen hi. Mual leh guam kawmkalah tuilii (bualtui) neu om kawikawi in, a gol pen Ciau lui tunga “Rih” leh Chhimtuipui-a “Palak” ahi hi. Rih pen lungtang lim tawh kibang in etlawm mahmah hi. Mizo tual biakna-ah misi khua lampi-in Rihlii tawn hi, ci-in ki-um hi. Zogam bup sunga mun nuam pen Tedim uksunga om “Len Nupa” hi-in, Mizo ten “Buannel” ci hi.

KHUAHUN

Zogam pen leitung bupa khuahun hoihna pen pawl ahi hi. Equator leh Tropic of Cancer totna san ah omin, Mikang pau a “Sub-Tropical” gam a cihte ahih hangin “Tropical Gam” kici ziau zaw hi. Nitaang leh guahtui hoih mu-in, a singkung a lopate tawh kilem mahmah hi. Khua lum lua loin vot zong vot lua lo ahih manin singkung-lopa, mehteh-mehgah ciin theih loh om lo hi.

Phalbi hun sung pen November kha leh February kha kikal hi-in, khuakhaal hunsung pen March kha leh May kha kikal ahi hi. Tuuksung sawt penin June kha panin October kha dong ahi hi. A pongpi in Zogam khuahun pen Phalbi lai-in -4 degree celcius leh 15 degree celcius kikal pawl hi in, khal lai-in 20 degree celcius leh 30 degree celcius kikal pawl ahi hi. Guahtui hoih mahmah in, a pongpi in kum khat sungin guahtui kia zah inche 200 khawng pha hi.

MUALTE

Zogam sungah mualsang tampi tak om a, a minthang diak nih pen Thangmual leh Lentaang mual ahi hi. Zogam bupa mual sangpen pen Chin hills-ah om in, a sanna pen Khawnu Vum(Mount Victoria) (Feet 10,400) leh a nihna Tedim uksunga om Thuam Vum(Kenedy Peak) (feet 9,000) ahi hi. Lushai hills-a mual sangpen Chhimtuipui District-a om Phawngpui Vum (feet 7,100) leh a nihna Sialkaltanga om Lengteng Vum (feet 7,050) ahi hi. Lamka District-a mual sang pen Thangching Vum (1999m) ahi hi. Tua lo, mualsang minthang dangte in Chin hills-ah -Thangmual, Innbuk mual, Lunmual, Bawipa mual, Awtaraw mual, Lentang, Takmual, Suangvum mual leh Khumvum mual ahi hi. Lushai hills-ah - Surtlang, Lurhtlang, Zopui Tlang, Sialkaltang, Sakawrhmuituaitlang, Reiek Tlang leh Dahpa mual ahi hi. Lamka District-ah – Lentang, Hiangkot Tang, Lungthul Tang, Kaihlam Tang leh Vangai Tangte ahi hi.

LUI TE

Zogam mualkuam teng lui tawh kidim in, Meitei gun(Gunlui) minthang pen hi. Meitei gun pen Manipur gam pan' kipanin Tedim uksung tengah simlam manawhin luang in, Pawite gam panin sak lam manawh in Mitta gun tawh kimat in, tua panin Tuikang gun (Chindwin) sungah lut hi. Lui minthangte pen Chin hills ah – Meitei gun, Kaladan gun, Bawinu gun, Ciau gun, Sialtang lui, Mitta gunleh Lemro gunte ahi hi. Lushai hills ah - Tlawng, Chhimtuipui (Koladyne), Khawthlangtuipui, Tuirial, Tuipui, Tuivai, Tuirini, Serlui, Tuichang, Mat luite minthang mahmah hi. Lamka District sungah Tuivai, Tuivel, Tuitha, Tuilak, Tuisa, Tuili, Tuizang, Tuikui, Tuilian, Ngazam lui, Tuipi, Lanva luite luang hi.

SING LEH SA

Zogam khuahun pen hoih mahmah ahih manin singkung lopa leh nuntaakna a nei ganhing nam tuamtuam tawh kidim hi. Zogam ah taaksing, ngeisok kung leh gua tuamtuam tam mahmah hi. Tua lo Dol, Hiang, Teii, Mawng, Vau leh Vong singkungte zong pha mahmah hi. Ateh hing tawntung singkung nam tamzaw a hihman in Zogam hing dildial tawntung hi. Paak nam tuamtuam - Ngeisok, Palpi, Heisa, Zozam, Tumtaii, Phuitong, Lingpaak tuamtuamte a hunhunin paakin Zogam etlawmsak mahmah hi. Sahang tuamtuam, Vom, Gamsial, Ngal, Sazuk leh Zawng nam tuamtuamte teenna gam hi-a, vasa nam tuamtuam - Vaphual, Tawlawk, Mu, Gamak, Vagik, Va-ak, Simbu, Baibek, Peengpelep te tam mahmahna ahi hi.

Hih bangin Pasian in Zogamah Zomite nuntaak nadinga kisap teng a kicingin koih ahih manin Zomite pen minam hampha mahmah ahi hi. Tua ahih manin hih gam pen itna leh zahtaakna tawh a kep ding Zomite' mawhpuak ahi hi.

MINAM

Zomite in “Zosuante” i cih, Mizo ten “Zo hnahthlak” a cih teng pen British kumpi in hong uk-ma-in amau hong ciaptehna-ah “wild hill tribes” ci-in, i gam pen “un-administered area”, ci-uh hi. Zosuan laka nitumna lam a tung masate pen Bengali leh Assamese te'n “Kuki” ci-in na ciamteh uh a, hih pen Mikang lai tawh a kiciaptehna 1792 kum hi ding hi. British kumpi-in 1872 kuma Mizoram laak a kipat ciangin, tua lai taka Lusei kampau tampen a hihna tawh a gam pen “Lushai Hills” vawhpah hi. Kawlgam lamah ahih leh “Chin” ci-in hong ciamteh hi. Mikangte in Zo minam teng pen mikhat sakhat a hong muhna tawh lom khata hong lawhnop uh ciangin “Chin-Kuki” cih bang, “Chin-Lushai” cih bang, cih bang zang uh hi. Tua ahih manin British kumpi-in Zomite tenna teng uk nadinga 1896 kuma a bawl thukhun zong “Chin Hills Regulation Act” vawh ziau hi. Hih thukhun pen Chin hills baanah Lushai, Kukite leh Nagate teenna teng huamsak in kizang hi.

Mikangte in Chin, Kuki, Lushai ci-a hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in, “Amau pen Chin hiam, Kuki hiam kici het lo mah uh hi ven,” hong ci kik veve uh hi. J.G Scott in a laibu, “Burma” sungah, “The names Kuki and Chin are not national, and like others, the people do not accept the name given to them by the Burmese and ourselves; they do not call themselves Chins and they equally flout the name of Kuki which their Assamese and Bengali neighbours use. They call themselves Zhou or Shu, and in other parts Yo (Zo) or Lai” ci-in, Dr. G.A. Grierson leh midangte muhna mah tawh kituakin na gelh hi. Bertram S. Carey leh H.N. Tuck ten zong Zote, Thadote leh Guite thu a gelhkhopna-ah “These Zos, Thados and Guites are called by the Manipuri’s Kuki or Khongjais, who only made their acquaintance after they had migrated north, but the people call themselves by the name of Zo (Yo)” ci-in na ciamteh uh hi. Guite Innpipa Pu Go Khaw Thang zong, “Go Khaw Thang, who, as already related, was seized by the Manipuris in the course of the Lushai expedition of 1871-72, was the Zo Chief of Mualpi,” ci-in Zo hausa mah na ci-uh hi. Mikangte-in Chin, Kuki in hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mahin ei leh ei pen Chin peuh, Kuki peuh i kicih loh lam hong tel mahmah uh hi.

Zomi te pen minam thu kante in Mongolian mite suan… Tibeto-Burman laka mi…” hi-in gen uh a, hih pen kipom kim thei tek hi leh kilawm hi. “Mongol” pen minam min hi-in, “Mongolian” pen zepna kammal (adjective) hi-a, “Mongolia” cih pen a gam min a hi hi. “Mongoloid” cih leuleu pen “Mongol” minam suan leh khak teng genna in kizang hi. Tua hi-a, Zomite pen mel leh sa tawh kizui-in Leitung minam lompi thum om laka Mongoloid minam hiangkhat(khenkhat) hi-in, kampau tawh kizui-a Mongoloid minam lompi thum laka Tibeto-Burman hiangkhat i hi hi. Zomi nam te pen i bul i phung taktak (ethnic origin) a kikankhia nai lo ahih hangin ei pen Tibet gam tawnin Sengam pan Kawlzangah tungin, tua panin tu-a i omna tengah a kizeel hi hang, cih pen i pom thei tek hi. Pu Vum Son’ muhna-ah i minam min "Zo" cih pen "Zo" kici mi khat’ suante-i hih man hi, ci hi. Tua i pu i pate gam pen Sengam ah ei tawh i kibatpih Tibet mite, Kawl, Naga, Meitei, Bodo, Kachin, Lahute tawh teengkhawm hi. Sengam panin Zeisu suahma pekin sim lamah kitaikhia in, Zeisu suah khit kum za khawng ciangin Chindwin gam kuam tengah kiteeng ta hi, ci hi.

Kawlzang panin Zo minamte pen AD 1000 kum pawl panin nitumna lam khamtung gamah taai kipan ta dingin kituat hi. Khamtung gama-a taai, pawlkhatte in Ciimnuai khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka “Zomi” a kici Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizoram donga teeng, Ciimnuai-a piang a kici teng hi. Ciimnuai khua mun pen tulai taka Saizang khua khang ahi hi. Pawl khatte-in Sunthla khua kiangah Lailun khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka “Lai” a kici- Falam, Haka leh Thantlang mite hi-in, Lailun a piang zong kici uh hi. Pawl khatte-in Sumpui munah Bochung khua sat uh a, tuate pen Lusei suan minam tuamtuamte hi-in, tua panin tulai taka Mizoram kici-ah kizeel uh hi.

A taai lote Zomi pawlkhatte Yaw gamah thaam suak uh a, Kawlte tawh kihel uh ahih manin Kawl bang buang, Zo bang buang in khuasuak uh hi. Kawlte-in “Zo” pen “Yaw” ci-in gelh uh ahih manin “Yaw mi” a suak uh hi. Zomite khamtung lamah a lomin a tai-ma in khamtung gamah Khumi/Khamite na tungzo uh hihtuak hi. Asho-te pen khamtung kah lo-in Kawlzang leh Arakan zang lam zuan uh hi. Cho-te pen bangci lal uh hiam cih kithei lo hi.

Hih bangin Zomite pen namdangte-in a tuamtuama hong ciaptehna hang ahi zongin, i lalna lampi zawi kibat lohna hangin ahi zongin, tu-in lom tuamtuamin kikhenin nam tampi i kisuah hi. Hih banga lom tuamtuama i-omna pen nidanga minam khat hi napi damdama-a kikhenkhen maw, ahih kei leh nidanga minam tuam tek kihi napi damdama a kigawmgawm maw? cih pen ngaihsuthuaipi khat suak hi.

MIN LEH PUAM

Tedim, Tonzang a om Zomite'n "Zo," "Yo," "Yao" cih kammal tetawh teenna mun zui-in Zomi ci-in khat leh khat kisam uhhi. Falam, Hakha leh Thantlang a om Zomite'n "Lai" "Laizo" ci-in Laimi kici uh hi. Mindat leh Kanpalet te'n"Choo" "Chou" Chaw" kici uha, Paletwate pen "Khu" "Khumi" leh Khami cihbang in a kinai mahmah kammal te zangtek uhhi. India gam lama Zomite'n bel "Mizo" cih kammal khatbek nazang uha, Assam leh Manipurgam Zomite "Paite" kici-uhhi. Ashio ci-a kisam Zomite pen zaanggam Kawlgam sungah Thayet, Thanteient, Aunglan, Minbu, Taungdwingyi, Natmauk, Pyinmna, cihbang tengah omhi. "Yaw", "Kyaw", "Saw" Zomi akici te pen Gangaw, Thinli, Saw, Ngaphea cihbang tengah teeng uhhi.

Nagate'n amau leh amau "Ozo" kici-in Grierson laigelh “LINGUISTIC SURVEY” laimai- 291 na-ah kigelhhi. "Ei" (we) acih agennopna hi. Tu-a Laimi akici te'nzong "ZOMI" mah hihang cihi, ci-in FK Lehman, “THE STRUCTURE OF CHIN SOCIETY” cih laimai 30 na-ah na gelhngei hi. Mirams (Laskher) te'n zong "Zao" mah kici hi, ci-in Garieson in “LINGUISTIC SURVEY” laimai 126 na-ah kigelh hi. Falam a Zahau te'n zong kapu-uh Zo mahhi, ci-a, tuamin pan Zahau a kilo hi-ung ci-in Garierson laigelh “Linguistic Survey” Laimai- 5 na-ah na kigelh hi. "Dzo" cihpen Tipra (Amau leh amau Tui-kuk) te'n zanga, Chittagong Mualdungah teeng uhhi.

Kawlte'n Zomite pen "Chin", "Khyang", "Chyin" cihbang a hongsap na-uh pen AD 1300 Pagan Suanglai gelhte' tungah kimuthei hi. Shin leh Kachin te'n Zomite pen "Chang", "Khang", Rakhinete'n "Chaw" hongci hi. Monte'n bel "Chieng", "Khyeng" hongci uhhi.

MIN KHIATNA TE

Dr. Vum Kho Hau, ST. Hau Go, Sing Khaw Khaite laigelhte panin i-et ciangin "Chin" akici pen Kawlkam a hi hi. A Chin-Chin, Thungei Chin (Comrades, Fellow) cih kammal pan' hongpai hiding hi ci-in Dr.Luce in nagen hi. Dr. Emil Forchhammer ihzong "Chin" cih kammal pen unau upen leh anautumpen kisapna hi, na cihi. Judson in Myanmar-English Abihdan sangah Kawlte'n Rakhine te u ci-in, Zomi te pen nautumpen cihi, ci-in genhi.

Zomite' thu akan pawlkhat in Zomite Khul(Khul Theory) pan' paikhia hi, ci leuleu uhhi. Sente' kumpi ahi Hsia, Shang, Choute' hun hidinghi, ci-uh hi. Hih "Chou" acih kammal pen nung ciangin "Zhou" ci-in a kilo ahihi.

"Zo", "Yo" in hongciamteh uh a, minam khat, kumpi gamkhat hiding ih hong ciamteh uhhi. Chou (Zhou, Zo, Yo) kumpi-in BC 1122 pan' 256 dong ukhi, kici hi. BC 11 hongtun takteh Chin Dynasty hong kipan a, Kumpi Shi Huangti kici-in kum 14 kumpi semhi. BC 207 pan' AD 220 dong Han Dynasty hong kahto in midangte bawlsialua a hihman in Kawlgam lamah hong taikhia uha, Zomite Kawlgam i tun a kipan hi a cizong omzel hi. Sengam a Khul (Cave) min pen Chow-Kow-Tien cave (Kawl hawm/ Kawl buuk) a cizong omlai hi.

Rev. Dr. JH. Cope and Elizabeth Cope te December 21,1908 in Rev AE. Carson laih dingin hongtung a, April 19, 1901 ciang' Hakha pan' Tedim Heaqquarters ah hong kilaih (Transfer) ih kum 30 vilvel na hongsem hi. Rev. Dr. Cope in no Zomite pen Tibetgam a Mo-nget (Mongoloid) minam tawh samhendan, samkoihdan aa kipan na gamtat khuaheidan khempeuh uh kibang hi-uhteh hong cingei hi.

KAWLGAM I TUNZIA

Kawlgam ah (1) Negrito, (2) Mon Kherma, (3) Shan--Karen, (4) Tibet--Burmate hongtung masa hi. Historian (Khangthusuut mi/pawl) ahi U Bashin, Maj. Bashin, Daw Thein, Mr. Hervey leh Dr. Htin Aung Tibet Myanmar minamte hih anuai-a bangin na khensuk laihi.

• (1) Seuh'uan minam; Hih minamte pen Yunan gam pan a hong paisuk Pyu minamte hi-in Kawlgam ah Bitano leh Thazi Khettaya khuapite lamin buaina hongtuak hi. AD 1st Century hun pawlin Pasan gam hongzuante hi. (Tawsengku laimai-9na)
• (2) Kamyan (Kanayan) te'n wathali leh Myo-Oo khuate hong lamkhit un Rakhine a i ciaptehte hi.
• (3) Thet (Set) zong adangte tawh kibang in AD 1st Century in Prome pan Pasan lama zuantote mahhi. (Tawsengku laimai-22na)

Khangthu suutmi a tamzaw in Zomi, Kachi, Kaduu, Kanan, Tangtaa, Naga, cih mitepen hih (THET) pan' hongpiang uhhi, ci-uh hi. Tua ahih manin:

• BC 600 - Tibet pan' Hohit lui/Gun (river) zui-in Hukang Phaizang (Valley) kaantan sukin Chindwin gun suk tengah, Tuapan' Kawlgam ah Takang khuapi tengah kiom hi. Pawlkhat Irrawady gun leh Chindwin gun kimuhtuahna kiim tengah om uh hi. Thilawadi gun kiim aa teengte' min kitap in Chindwin kici hi. (The Home of Chin)
• AD 100 - Zomite pen Pagan kiang ah om Phayagyi cih munah teenghi. (Salai Hanlin)
• AD 600 - Sagaing, Mintangpin, Monywa, Dibeyin, Paleih cihte ah om hi.(May Bashin)
• AD 835 - Chindwin kuam ah om Shou Khuapi penpen Zomite' omna hi a, Nancho (SEN) te'n hong simkhia hi. (Capt. Sing Khaw Khai)
• AD 842 - Thayet, Aunglan, Minbu, Mintoung, Taungdwingyi, Tandwet, Popataung cih te ahom hi.
• AD 849 - Pagan (Pyu gam), (Pu gam) ah omin Dahpaa leh Penglam te' hun hidingin ki ciamteh hi.
• AD 1300 - Kawlkumpi te'n guallel a hong kisiat ciangin Shan tetawh Pinyah, Ava, Sagaing ci khua te-ah om hi. Hihhun pen Lengtonghoih hun hidingin ki ciamteh hi.
• AD 1300 - Yasagyo, Khawlin, leh Kawlpi te ah om kipan in1402-1423 Kyi Taung Ngo: Shan ukpi te' ukdong ki omlai hi.

KHAMTUNG GAM I LUAHZIA

AD 1420 kiim panin Kawlpi Phaizang pan Khamtung lam kizuan hi. Ahang a kikanteh Shan te' uknanuai nuamsalo-in kulhpi lamding in akuanlote akhutme uh tansak a, nikhat in Lawhpidim bang ngahhi, kici hi. Zaangpitam, Kawlmun Ciimnuai ah AD 1650 dong, kum 200-250 dong ciangbang omin khang 8 sungbang hi naciuh hi. Hih hunsungah Thangho leh Liando, Cingkhup leh Ngambawm, GalngamLeh Hangsai cihte' hun ahihi.

Leitawlam/ khanglam gam a zuite'n Lailun, Seipi, Zothang khuate a na kicipah uhhi. (Falam-Lailun History)

(a) Eiteng khawlkhawm a tuam omlo, Khul a piangin kileel le'ng,
Tuun sung khatpan' piang hi ngeingei hang ee,

(b) Tuun sung khatpan' piang hi ngeingei hang ee,
Suahpih sanggam laigui zawngkhawmte hi ngeingei ee.

• AD 1550 - Guite beh PU Guimang in Tedimkhua hongsat hi. (CSHS II Golden Jubilee)
• AD 1800 - Pu Khan Thuam chief teen sem hi.
• AD 1820 - Makai khua (9) te'n Tedim a nih veina hongsat leuleu uh hi. (Col. Khen Za Moong)
• AD 1870 - Tonzang khua kisaat hi.
• AD 1877-1878 - Guite teng avek phial in saklam/leilu lamah tai-uh hi.
• AD 1895 - September kha-in Zogam pen Kawlgam khutnuai-ah tung hi.
• AD 1896 - Chin Hills Regulation Act piang hi.
• AD 1948 - Kawlgam in suahtaakna ngah hi.
• AD 1974 - Chin State ci-in kilaih hi.

Omna tawh kizui Minam kampau teng

(1) Teizang	(7) Khuano
(2) Saizang	(8) Hualngo
(3) Sizang	(9) Guite (Vangteh pau)
(4) Zou	(10) Paite
(5) Thahdo	(11) Phaileeng
(6) Dim	(12) Losau

KI-UK NA

Tanglai-in Zogam pen kuama khut nuaiah omlo-in Zomite amau leh amau ki-uk hi. 1896 kumin Mikang kumpi ukhun lai-in, India leh Kawlgam pen gam khatin uk khawm uh hi. 1948 kum a Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam pen Chin Special Division kici-in a uk Zumpi pen Chin Affairs Council kici hi. 1974 kumin Zomite-in State ngah uh a, Zogam pen Chin State kici-a, Zo Zumpi pen Chin States People’s Council kici-in amasa in Rangoon ah om hi. Tua panin Kawlpi (Kalemyo) ah kituah a, tua pan tawl khat khit ciangin Hakha khua ah kikhin kikin, tu dongin Hakha ah om hi.

Khuasung ki ukna

Khuasung vaihawmna leh kiukna pen hausa leh a upate in sem a, thukhenna zong amau khut ah om hi. Hausa pen innkuan in kiluah toto a, a pa laih thei ding a-om kei leh a tanaute khat in Hausa semtosuak hi. Upa pen Hausapa-in amuan deuhdeuh a tel, a seh hi. Gam leh lei pen Hausapa khut ah om a, Zogam sunga Hausa khempeuh a thuneihna uh kikim khin hi. Hausa-in vaihawm ahih manin nasem lo-a, khuamite in siah sung uh hi.

BIAKNA

Zomite in “theih loh pasian” na bia uh a, dawi na “thoih” uh hi. “Dawi bia” hilo in “dawi thoih” minam ahi uh hi. “Bia” cih ciang “thupha zong, zahtakna pia, amai ah, a thuneihna ah ki ap” hi a, “thoih” cih ciang “a lungkimna dinga khembawl, lungkimsak, mai et, lungsim leh pumpi ki-ap lo hi. A lungsim vuah a lian penpen “dawi” hilo in “theih loh pasian” hi masa a, tua pen “theih Pasian” ahih dongin kibia a, kingeina seh hi. Ahang pen natna a ngah uh ciangin ‘dawite hong bawl hi’ ci uh a, tuahphatna a ngah uh ciangin “dawite hong piak hi” ci lo uh hi, ‘hong siam khat om hi” ci uh a, tua pen “lungzai” zong kici hi. Sih zawh ciang “gun gal” kah ding uh a, tua ah a paisa it leh ngaihteng kim ding hi, gi bang kikhen om nawnlo in lei a thupina leh pahtawina a ngah khempeuh tawh tua mun ah nuamsa ding uh hi cih um uh hi. Tua man in “gun gal khuamun nuam” ah nuamsa-a a nuntak theihna ding in leitung a nuntak sungin mi tungnung hih sawm in, ton leh ai sa in hanciam uh hi. Tua “gun” pen Tuikangpi hi a ci pawl om a, Rih hi a ci pawl om hi. Lui khat ah a leitung nuntakna silsiangin “gun gal khua” ah mithak in lut hi cih um uh hi. Muh bat loh ah munthak, khuathak khat om a tua ah a paisate kituah khawm kik ding cih lametna na nei uh hi. American Baptist Missionaryte in Zomite lam tampi ah hong pattah uh a, tua manin Zomite in mangkangte na ci liang uh hi. Ki thupi sim mahmah a, a lampai dan, a kizep dan, a tutdan, a pau dan, a om dan peuhmah thupi kisa in zong limtak in kiciing pah hi. A mau hun sungin a mang khempeuh lah Zomi hetlo mikangte vive hi takpi ahih manin “mangkangte” a ki cih pen a kithupi simna hi a, tuni tan in bei tuan lo hi. Sangin phuan in pilna hong sinsak uh a, cidamna hong sem in, lokhawh dan leh kizep dan hong sinsak uh hi.

Christian suahna hangin ngeina pawi peuhmah biakna pawi in khek a, dawi thoihna taute Pasian biakna tau suak sak in, dawi thoihna ding khempeuh Topa phatna leh biakna in kizang ta hi. Zu nun Khuadote Zeisu sih leh pian Lungdambawl Pawi hun in khek ta a, sia leh pha theihna hong khang in, hanla, gal la, sa aih la khempeuh Pasian biakna la suakzo hi. Ngeina la leh ngeina laamte haivai in ki ngaihsun a, dawithoih hanga a kitang khempeuh kisiangsak in khanglui biakna ciin ki nusia hiai hiai hi. (Kuppihna: Ngeina, Pawi, Lam, La, leh a dangdangte hong mangngilh sak uh, hong zuunsak loh uh pen Zomite ngeina leh pawite a deihloh man uh, a huat man uh hilo in Christian i suah ding a deihluat na uh hi zaw ding a, hong siatsak nop man uh hi lo dingin ka um hi). Kitenna mo vanken leh mo man tamluate zong hong zuun pih kei vua, a siangtho kitenna ahih ding, ki it tak a nungta ding cihte hong zatpih zaw uh hi. Nupa ki khenna limlim deih lo in, siangtho kitenna lo zong khalna na kipia hi. Tua banga pattahna tawh Zomite a mit uh hong keuh in leitung khuavak ciantak a mu in tuni in mailam tangtak a delh in ama insung, khuasung, gamsung leh leitung bup ah Zeisu tangthu a tangko kote hita hi.

Christian suak zawh ciangin cidamna leh siangthona lim ngaihsut in, khawlni peuhpeuh in biakin ah kikhawm in puan hoih penpen silh uh a, siangtho na pen Pasian dan hi cih tel pah uh hi. Tua manin cidamna leh siangthona nakpi-in khang hi. Zeisu pan a hong pai maisak na in ‘phu kilakna’ beisak a, zu dawn kikham in niangtui leh niangphan ki limdawn a, ngeina hoihte biakna sungah damdam in ki seng hi. Christian suahna in dawi leh kau lauhna pan in Zomite suakta sakta a, kithoihna sa leh sum leh pai tampipi beite om nawnlo hi.

1. Khanglui Biakna:

Ni dang lai-in Zomite in dawi leh kau, sing leh suang bia uh hi. Mual leh guamte kihta in vokno akno tawh nathoih uh hi. Dawi nam tampi inn dawi, gam dawi a bia uh hi. Hih bang biakna pen Mikang pau-in Animism kici a, leitung mi khempeuh phial in tanglai in tuabang upna leh biakna a nei uh hi. Kawlte in zong Buddha biakna a zuih ma-un hih bang khanglui biakna mah zui hi dingin ki-ummawh hi.

2. Pau Cin Hau Biakna:

1900 pawl ciangin gan tawh kithoih dawi biakna phiatin Pasian khat om hi ci-in upna biakna thak khat Pau Cin Hau in naphuan hi. Tua biakna thak pen kibawl phain tu-a Zogam sung bekah hi lo-in Manipur leh Aizawl gam Zomite' tenna dong in kizel man hi. Pau Cin Hau pen Tedim khua Khan Lian leh Cing Zam’ tapa hi a, 1859 kumin suak a, 1948 Dec. 28 ni-in Mualbem khua-ah si hi. Zolai phuankhia ahih manin tuhun ciangin “Laipian Biakna” ci-in kilo hi.

3. Khristian Biakna:

(a) American Baptist Pawlpi:

Zogam ah anungta Pasian' thu hong puak masa pen American Baptist Pawlpi hi. March 15, 1899 kumin Rev. A. Carson-te nupa Zogam tung hi. March 21, 1902 ciangin zato siam Dr. H. East-te nupa Zogam hong tung uh hi. Missionary masa pen Rev. A. Carson April 1, 1908 kum a sih ciangin Dec. 21, 1908 ciangin Dr. J.H. Cope te nupa hong tung hi. Dr. East pen a gam tawh kituak lo-a dam thei lo ahih manin sawt om lo-in America ciah kik pah a, a laih dingin zato Dr. J.G. Woodin te nupa November 11, 1910 ciangin hong tung uh hi. Dr. Woodin te 1915 kumin Bhamo-an kisuan uh ahih manin Zogam nasem dingin Dr. C.V. Strait te nupa October 2, 1925 ni-in hong tung uh hi. June 11, 1938 ni-in Dr. Cope a sih ciangin Dr. F.O. Nelson-te 1940 kumin hong tung uh hi. A nunung penin Rev. R.G. Johnson te nupa February 2, 1946 ni-in hong pai uh a, 1966 kumin ciah kik uh hi. Amau nupa pen American Baptist Missionary Zogam pan a ciah nunung pen ahi uh hi. Hi bangin Zogam ah Khristian Pawlpi hong kipan a, 1940 kumin R.C.M. Pawlpi, 1948 ciangin S.D.A. Pawlpi hong tung uh a, tu ciangin Khristian Pawlpi tuamtuam tampi Zogam ah piang hi.

(b) Khristian Khantohna:

Zogam ah tui kiphum masa pen Thuam Hang leh Pau Suan hi-a, April 4, 1904 ni-in Rev. Carson in tuiphum hi. Missionary-te leh Zomi Khristian masate in haksatna tampi tawh na hong sep ciangun hi bang tuiphum mihing khan’tohna kimu hi:

• 1915 kum – mi 150
• 1930 kum – mi 1,591
• 1940 kum – mi 5,514
• 1950 kum – mi 19,655
• 1960 kum – mi 37,705
• 1970 kum – mi kithei lo
• 1980 kum – mi 69,191

Hih pen Zomi Baptist Convention (ZBC) ciaptehna bangin tuiphum sa teng bek hi-a, Pawlhuam milip hi lo hi.

MINAM NI

Minam ni, akici kammal khempeuh in bang gam bang gam ah ahizongin, kua mi nam kua mi namte kiangah ahizongin, gambuppi’ vai thupi khat, tangtut ni, gualzawh ni ki-ciaptehna ni hi kim hi. Tua ahihmah bangin, Zomi Nam Ni i cih in zong, Zomi buppi’ suahtakni, Zomigam kiukna i kheel zawh ni, Zomi buppi’n democracy i ngah ni, cihnopna hi.

Zomi Nam Ni pen 1948 kum, February 20 ni-a piang hi. Tua ma in, i Zomigam bangci hiam cih theih huai hi. Tua hun lai-in, Zomigam ki-ukna pen bang thukhun tawh ki-uk hiam cih leh Chin Hills Regulation Act akici, British Kumpi’n 1896 kuma abawl thukhun tawh ki-uk hi. Tua thukhun in tu-a, i Zomigam sung teng bek hilo-in, tulaitaka Mizoram akici Lushai Hills teng, Manipur gam singtang teng, tu laitaka Nagaland akici gam teng, tu-a Sagaing Division sunga kihel Sommra Hill teng leh Mizoram taw lama Cacha-chakma gamteng uk hi.

Tua the Chin Hills Regulation Act ii deihna bulpi bang hiam cihleh feudalism akici ukpi-ngeina tawh ki-ukna hi-a, ukpi te’n amau ukna gam sung teng ah, siahtung siahphei, saliang sapa, tuktha khaltha kai hi. Hausa zong ukpi-te’n apiak peuh hausa suaka, gam bup ukna pen amasa in hausa, tua khit ciangin ukpite, vuandokte, vuandok tung ah mangpi, mangpi tungah menzi cih bangin ki-uk a tua menzi pen Zogam ah koihlo-in Kawlgam, Magway khua ah koih hi. Tua ahih manin, hih feudalism ki-ukna Zogam ah kiphiat hen ci-a, Magway menzi zum-ah Pu Suang Khaw Kam pai-in vagen hi.

Tu-a i Zomi Nam Ni pen, 1948 kum, January 4, zingsang lam nai 4:20 hun in, gambup suahtakna i ngah khit ciangin, President masa pen ahi Sao Shwe Thaike Falam ah ong pai-in, ama om sung mah in Zomi Nam Buppi kikhopna kibawl a, tua kikhoppina ah Pu Thang Za Kai (Subidar) in,” Ukpi ngeina bei hen, gambup suahtakna kingah khin a democracy tawh ki-uk ta ahih manin, Zomigam ah zong, democracy ngeina tawh ki-uk ni “cih thu sung a, mipi’n thukimpih maw thukimpihlo cih thu, tu-le-ding in khentat uhi. Akikhawm mi buppi 5000 val pha sung pa’n, atamzaw thamin thukimpih in, mi 17 in thukimpih lo bek hi.

Tua ahih manin, 1948, February 20 in pen Zomi buppi gualzawh ni, Zomi buppi suahtak ni, ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI kici hi. Lamkhat ah ukpi ngeina apiangsak The Chin Hills Regulation Act asih ni ahi hi. Hi bangin mipi’ deihna tawh The Chin Hills Regulation Act kiphiat khia-a, mipi deihna democracy tawh ki-uk theihna dingin, Chin Special Division Act kibawla, tua thukhun tawh i Zogam ki-uk i hih manin, siahtung siahphei om nawnlo, tuktha khaltha om nawnlo, saliang sapa om nawnlo–in, hausa upa zong, mipi teelte bek in hausa sem thei hi. Khua nga khua guk bang kigawm in khawk khat in kiseha, tua khawk sunga hausateng in khawk-uk ding teel leuleu-uhhi.

Tua ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI apian’ khit ciangin, i gam sung ki-uk dan pen, khua hausa khua-sung mipi’n teel hi; tua mipi teel hausatengin khawk-uk teel leuleu uhi. Tua khawk-uk khit ciangin, vuandok, vuandok khit ciangin mangpi, mangpi khit ciangin, menzi hi-a, tua Zomigam uk menzipa pen Magway ah om nawnlo-in, tua hun lai-a Zogam khuapi ahi Falam ah om hi. Zogam Zumpi pen Zangkong ah kikoih hi. Hi banga mipi’ deihna tawh akiphiat lohna gam, India gam bangah tu lai taka, Manipur State sunga om, Behiangzang, Tonglawn khua cihte, tuni dongin, tua The Chin Hills Regulation Act om lai ahih manin, hausate’n akhua, atui tungah siahkai lai-a, agam leitang tungah zong tuni dong thunei lai hi. Zogam ah Zomi Nam Ni apian’na dinga avaihawm party in KSVP akici (Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi) hi-a, amakaite in Maha Thray Sithu Capt. Mang Tung Nung leh Pu Thang Khaw Kai ahi uhi.

Khanglui te'n “La-in thu hi-a, thu-in la hi,” acih mah bangin hihbang in la-in naphuak/sa uhhi.

• (a) February kha ni sawmnih ni, ZOMI NAM NI aw, ni lunmang ni , ni neelkaai ni aw ee.
• (b) Ni lunmang ni , ni neelkaai ni aw, nunnop lamtaang i kaihni aw ee.
• (a) Lia-le-taang tem bang kitawi un, ZOMI NAM NI lam bang pak le’ng, lam bang pak le’ng ee.
• (b) ZOMI NAM NI lam bang pak le’ng, Zomi buppi’ angtan’na hi-a, bang i thasial na diam lawm aw, na diam lawm ee.

KI CIAPTEH NA

Vaphual in singkung vasate lak panin a lian bel a minthang bel vasa khat a hi hi. Zomi ngeina ah Vaphual ki aii-a, la zong kinei hi. Vaphual in singgah ne-a, mihingte nawngkai sak ngeilo hi. Mihingte mah bangin mo kipi-a, nupa kopin nungta-uh hi. Munkhat pan munkhat a lal uh ciangin, a hon a honin lal uh a, a thuang a thuang in leeng uh hi. Vaphual te mo a kipi ciangin a lamdang diakin leng thei uh hi.

Vaphual a-op ciangin a pa in bit takin a bu bawlsak a, a-an neekna dingin a muk bek hon sak hi. A-op sungin apa in anu anvak hi. Apa-in anu an a puak ciangin, a bu a kisiatna mun amuh leh anu pen ''Adang tawh omkhawm hi teh” ci-in tulum kici hi. Tua beklo-in nupa kopkhat pan' khat asih leh kisihpih a hihman in Zomite-in cihtakna, siangtho, thukho thutak khatin ngaihsun a, zahtak in minam ciaptehna in zanguh hi. Mihing nupate vaphual tawh kigenteh hi. Numeite vaphual multawh kizem uh hi. 1980 kum Kawlgam bup Minam Ni-in, Zomite minam ciaptehna-in Vaphual lim a la-uh hi.

NGEINA

Sangmang J. H Cope in a genna ah Zomite nuntakna pen mikangte hong tunma pek in zong zahtak huai mahmahta hi ci hi. Ahi zongin mualtunga teng Zomite ngeina pen namdang hong lutte in dausak a, siasak hi ci-in a laibu “Awakening of the Northern Chins” ah at hi. There are evidences that these people once had a higher civilization. This is seen from the fact that they are completely clothed and do not appear ever to have been headhunters or cannibals. There is even a tradition of a written language. They differ from many Hill tribes in that violent crime is rare polygamy not very common, women more respected, and warfare carried on less brutally than in many Hill districts.... After reaching the Hills they quickly spread out in little villages in the narrow valley and many dialects soon developed.

Zomite pen tuma kum tampi laipek panin Kawlgam saklam mualtung leh zaanggam sunga teengte i hihi. Mualtung keendang tengah teengin kikawm kihawhna hamsa ahih manin I ngeina izia-itong pawlkhat tawmtawm in hong ki lamdang hi.

Ngeina bulte

a ) Nik leh puan silhna thu

Zomite pen khi ok, kawnggak gak, tukbel tep ihi hi. 1904 kum in Zomite khitang Wate khuapi gei ah kito khia hi. Hih in Zomite leh kawlte hun khat laiin kiteengkhawm hi cih hong lak hi. 1971 kumin S. B. Kham Tin Zam Vungh in Sabani khua, Sagaing Division ah Zomite khitang leh tukbel tampi tokhia hi.

Zomite van neih lak ah khuang, zam, dak, pengkul, gosem, phit, sialki, hihte pawihun lehgualnopna, dah hun ciang zong a kizang ahi hi. Zomite ngeina a kilawm mahmah pen ‘kilawm’ hi. Nasep ciang kilawm, kiseppih, ni khat a khat lo ah kuanin, a zingciang a khatzaw lo ah sem kik. Tua pen nungak leh tangval kingaite bangin nuam a sak mahmah uh hi. Sunkhua a nasem khawm cih pen maw. Sawn - kelsawn, akgiasawn, vaphual sawn, kibah hi. Nik leh puan kitenma in mawngkhak numei in teng uh hi. Gal leh sa tawh kidelh tawntung ahih man un thaulawng thupi mahmah hi. Thauvui kohna dingni sialki kizang a, a kuahna thungip dingin vompi kawngvun kizang hi. Thangsiah kilim zat a, tumkhau leh khaugui, tangval khau tawh kisiah hi. Sakhi, ngal, sazuk, sahang cih bang awk zel hi. Sakuh leh saneu dangte matna ding pena neu deuh kisiah hi. Ngasa matna dingin ngawi kidawh a, gu kideng hi. Salian mante in haipi tawi thei a, mipi maiah kipahtawi hi.

Numeite in a sam uh phek in, phek thum phasak uh a, a liangko nih tuakah kaisak uh hi. Bilvut in bilbah bah uh hi. Khi ok in, nik kawg ah gak uh hi. Christian suak khit ciangin Nipini a silh ding leh nasepna a silh ding puan nei tuam uh hi. Numei khempeuh in siamgan, khauphan thei in, pasal khempeuh in thau kap thei uh hi. Pasalte in nangphan in, bawmphan uh a, ciang leh lawhte phan uh hi. Siksek khempeuh pasal nasep hi a, tem, hei, tu, tei khempeuh a tavuan hi. Inlam leh gawlbawl khempeuh pasal in sem hi. Zomite in ansuk khekna dingin Tui-ansu bawlkhia uh hi. Ni leh kha leh aksite na en in a tangthu na theihsawm uh a, aksi tai leh aksi kiate zong na ciamteh uh hi. Aksi kihei dan, khabei, khalik, khadete in hun na ciamteh uh a, phalbi leh khawkhal zong nisuak dan in na ciamteh uh hi. Khuapang a san leh khua pha ding ciin na genkhol thei uh hi.

b) Innkuan

Kitenna pen a ki thupi ngaihsut hi a, a hoih pen mah kizong ciat hi. A melhoih, a migi, a siam, a pil, a tei mah mo dingin nute in na deih uh a, a hangsan, a thahat, a kivate mah nute in makpa dingin na deih uh hi. Numei man pen a kitengding inkuan nihte thukimna bang hi a, a kitendan leh a kitenhun khempeuh amau khut ah om hi. Tagah leh meigong a om leh Zomite in limtak in na khoi in na keem uh hi. Angkawmna leh khialhna a om leh hausa leh up ate in thukhen uh a, ki thahna pen kigawtna in kizang ngei lo hi (capital punishment was never in practice).

c) Nupa suah dan

Kitenna pen a ki thupi ngaihsut hi a, a hoih pen mah kizong ciat hi. A melhoih, a migi, a siam, a pil, a tei mah mo dingin nute in na deih uh a, a hangsan, a thahat, a kivate mah nute in makpa dingin na deih uh hi. Numei man pen a kitengding inkuan nihte thukimna bang hi a, a kitendan leh a kitenhun khempeuh amau khut ah om hi. Tagah leh meigong a om leh Zomite in limtak in na khoi in na keem uh hi. Angkawmna leh khialhna a om leh hausa leh up ate in thukhen uh a, ki thahna pen kigawtna in kizang ngei lo hi (capital punishment was never in practice).

d) Sivuina

Mi a sih ciangin vui pah lo in siluang nithum bang kikoih hi. Siampi in phuisam in, zu mop a, kawsah sa go in, a si pen thupi takin a kha khia uh hi. Gal ai sa ai ahih leh a luang kizawng in dai ah kisia a, a sa a muat khit, a tolh khit ciangin a guhkeu la in han ah a phum uh hi. Dai ah a ki koih sungteng a nuai ah meipi kikhul a, a sithu a luan kang baihna ding cihna hi. Tua veh dingin nupite daihawh in, tua siluang kiangah va kap thei zel uh hi.

e) Mithupite

Mi minthang tampi lak pan Galngam leh Hangsai, Leng Tong Hoih, Cing Khup leh Ngam Bawm, Thang Ho leh Lian Do, Mauzuang te unau, Cin Thang leh Tuai Zam, Tangthu minthang lak ah Dahpa, Sangak leh akpi, Aksinelkai, vanleng nungak, ...

f) Lo neihna

Buh leh taang pen antak kici a, vaimim, bal, kawlkai leh be pen kial an kici se hi. Gankhawi lak pan Sial thupi pen a, kel leh ui leh akte pen nektawm dingin kizang hi. Bawng pen a nawi nekdingin kikhawi a, Sial pen moman dingin kipia thei hi.

Zomite ukpi sep hun sung in lo neihna pen limtakin kibawl a, kumpi in zong hansuah hi. Gam pen kumpi gam hi a, mipite in loneihna ding a gam a zat ciangin sehkua suah sehkhat pen ukpipa kiangah sung uh hi. Tua pan in ukpipa in kial hun leh haksat hunin mipite panpih kik hi. Nasepna ding in suankang sik na zang uh a, galdona ding leh tu leh hei bawlna in zong na zang uh hi.

g) Sawm

Tangvalte' giah khawmna dingin Sawm kinei a, Sawm upa in khangnote pattah in thuhilhna nei zel hi. Tua lai ah kidemna tuamtuam kanteh, leilamkan, tai kidem, suangpum lot, kibuan, tei khawh, kisukheek, leh a tuamtuam kinei hi.

h) Pawi tuamtuam

Pawi tuamtuam Sialsawm pawi, Khuado Pawi, Ton, Gal ai, Sa ai. Zangta lam, lamngui, dak lam, phit lam cih bangin kinei hi.

Zomi numei te khutsiam a pianga ahi uh a, khaukhek, khauphan leh siamgan a siam ahi uh hi. A kizepna neihtung uh mawngkhak hi a, khauhual numeite in a kawng vuah khai in a tut uh ciang a sel uh liah hi bek hi. Tua pan pat kikhek in puan kibawl hi. Puanbu, tual puan, nikphei, puandum, puanlaisan kizang hi.

i) Kitaitehnate

Gal ai, sa ai hih ding, mim za taangza kho hih ding kidem uh a, kumsim buh leh vaimim, bal, kawlkai leh mehteh mehgah kumkhat kham ding neih ding hanciam uh hi. A hatna teng khempeuh uh tawh tua sem in a hun tamzaw uh nasepna in na zang uh hi. Pilna sin leh kidemnate pen nasep loh sung hun awng ah hih bek uh hi.

Khuado Pawi

Khuado pawi i cih pen Zomite' pawineih thupipen leh limzatpen ahi hi. Hih pawi pen tuuk anlak khit ciang kibawl hi. Hih Khuado pawi bawl hun leh Vaite pawipi “Diwali Puja” leh Kawlte pawipi “Mithuun Puai” bawl hun kituak a, Khuado pawi i bawlzia tawh kibat mahmahna nei-in mei kide tek hi. Kawl leh Vai ten “Khuaimeivak” de in, Zomite in “Meilah” i de hi. Hih panin Zomite pen minampite mah banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei i hih lam kilang mahmah hi. Tua banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei minam picing kihi napi in, minam picing hong hisak I minam pawipi Khuado I neihna natawm a thei lo tampi ki-om ding hi. Minam Pau, lai, ngeina, pawi leh khanglui vante kician a nei lote minam picing kici thei lo ahih manin a it lo, a keem lo, a puah lote minam khangto suak ngei lo hi. Tua ahih manin Khangthak Zomite phawnna ding deihna tawh Khuado pawi thu kong kaikhawm ahi hi.

a) A khiatna

Zopau-ah “Khua” cih in khiatna nam tuamtuam nei hi. Pasian genna in “Khuavak” kizangin, Dawite genna in “khuazing” kizang hi. “Do” icih in zong khiatna nam tuamtuam mah nei-in, a sialam leh a hoih lamin kizangkhawm thei hi. I-it ingaih hong zin hong lengla a om ciangin zindo, lenglado ci-in “Do,” zatna mun a-om mah bangin, hong bawlsia thei dawi leh gaalte i sim ciangin zong “Do” galdo kici hi. Zomite in “Pawi” icih pen Mikangte in "Festival/Feast," ci-in, Kawlte in “Puai” ci-in, Vaite in “Puja” ci-in leh Mizote in “Kuut” ci-uh hi. Hih thute panin Khuado pawi pen thupha hong guan Pasian dona, lungdam kohna leh thupha ngetna pawi hi-in; a lang khat lamah hong bawlsia thei dawi leh kaute lak pan kisiansuahna dinga dawi leh kaute hawlkhia-a dona pawi ahi hi.

b) A kipatna

Zo taangthu suutte leh thugelh masate-in Khuado Pawi pen Ciimnuai Innpipa Pu Tuah Ciang hunlai pek panin lim takin kizang khin dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Pu Tuah Ciang pen Zo ngeina zia leh tong a geelkhiapipa in kingaihsun ahih man hi. Tua ahih manin Khuado Pawi ineih zawh pen kum zaguk peuhmah sawt khin ding hi. Khuado pawi pen khangthak ngeina zui-in Manipur gamah Tedim Chin Cultural Club makaihna tawh October 11, 1969 kumin Taang-nuam khua-ah zat kipanin, Mizoramah Zomi Society makaihna tawh November 12, 1994 kumin Sairang, Tlawng lui-ah kizang hi. Tuipi gaalkaai Zomi ten Singapore Zomi Innkuante makaihna tawh 1995 kum panin Singapore khuapi-ah “Leitung Bup Zomi Khuado Pawi” min vawhin zat hong kipan toin, tu ciangin leitung bupa Zomite omna peuhmah kizang kawikawi ta hi.

c) Zathun

Khuado pawi in “Ni” nei lo-in a hun bek nei hi. Ahi zongin a hun pen kum sim September leh October kha sung hi zawdeuh hi. Bang hanghiam cihleh, Khuado pawi pen tuukan lakkhit cianga kibawl hi a, khuahun zui-in kum khat leh kum khat, khua khat leh khat khat, anlaak hun a kituak theih loh baanah, khuasung ah mipite omkim lai paang, khualzin gamvaak te' ciah/tun'kim theihhun dingtawh a kibawl ngeina ahih manin Khuado ni pen kiciangtan theilo-in Lawki (Dawibiak) hunlai-in Tualteekpa-in khuadoni ding vaihawm hi. Ahi zongin tuhun ciangin khuado ni ding leh vai khempeuh taangpi tawh kisai ahih manin hausa leh upate-in vaihawm uhhi.

d) A tuunkhawm teng

Khuado pawi pen i Zo pawi thupi pen leh i lim zat pen ahih mah bangin hihna, ngimna, deihna tuamtuam tawh a kidim, a nuaia bangin tuunkhawm tampi a nei ihi hi:

1. 1. Kumkhen Pawi: Zolai simbu sungah “K = Khuado pawi - Kumkhen pawi” ci-a a kisin mah bangin Khuado pawi pen Zomite kum khenna hunpi khat ahi hi. Hih pen a kitelna dingin khanglui ten “la-in thu hi, thu-in la hi” a cih mahbangin Khuado pawi-a kisa la dawng khat en sai lehang:
• (a) Kum kikhen e, solkha dang e, Zin in a vang khua zong hen aw...
• (b) Zin in a vang khua zong hen aw, Siansung tui bang siang hen aw...
• (a) Tu kawl tawi kum khua I khen a, Ningzuu khum leh aisa aw e...
• (b) Ningzuu khum leh aisa aw e, Khankum sawt ciam lai leng e...
hih la in Khuado pawi pen Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna a hih lam kiciansak hi. Tuhun ciangin Mikang hun khenzia “Gregorian Calendar” zui-in kum lui beina December 31 leh kum kipatna January ni 1 ni-izuih zenzen hang Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna pen Khuado ahi hi.
2. 2. Anlak Pawi: Khuado pawi pen Anlak Pawi zong kici thei hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Khuado pawi pen tuuk anlak khit bek cianga a kibawl leh tua anthak te muanga a kibawl hi a, kum khat sung tawntung I khawh I ciinnate pana hong piang thupha khai leh an tuamtuam aihna leh tuate hong pia, hong siam pasian tungah lungdam kohna in a kizang pawi ahi hi.
3. 3. Khuailak Pawi: Khuado pawi cianga a min thang mahmah khat pen Khuailakna hi. Khuado khuailak i cih ciangin a kimawk lak hi loin, khuaibu (khuaipheng) panin hong tung ding kum pen kum hoih ding maw, sia ding; kicidam ding maw, kina ding cihte theihnopna-a aisan na in a kizang ahi hi. khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sunga mabaan ding kithei thei ci-in khangluite in ngaihsun uh hi.
4. 4. Meidet Pawi: Khuado pawi a vaamsakpi pen meidetna ahi hi. Khuado ni masa pen meilah lak ni-in ki-zangin “Meilah lak ni” a ci zong om hi. Hih meilahte pen pawi sung teng tawntung lim kizat mahmah hi. Dawi leh kaute dona (kaubetna, meidetna) a kipan khawsiam pasian a vaak tawh donna in zong a kizang, a kitangsak, a kivaak zihziah ahih manin khuado pen Meidet pawi zong cih theih hi.
5. 5. Siansuah Pawi: Khuado pawi pen siansuah pawi zong ahi hi. I pu I pate in mihingte a nasak, a sisak leh mihingte tunga tuahsiatna tuamtuam a tungsak pen dawi leh kaute gawh uh hi. Tua dawi leh kaute tawh a teengkhawm hi dingin kingaihsun lai uh hi. Khuado cianga “Kaubetna” leh “Meidetna” in a ngiimpi pen zong mihingte a bawlsia dawi leh kaute notkhia-a innsung, khuasung, gamsung siansuah ahi hi.

Khanglui i pu i pate' ngeina-ah Khuado pawi in ni sagih sung tak na-awih uh hi. A hizong in tuhun ciang in i tual biak(dawibiak)na a khah nai lote sungah nithum sung bang kizang pen hi.

d) Kigin ni

Nidang lai-in anseng khit, khapi taan lai tak, khua sungah mipi kim ta-uh ei, acih ciangin huasapa in, "khai khai khai, guaite aw, na na ngai tek un, zing cianga kipan khua kido ta ding hi," ci-in tangkopa awngsak hi. Tua ni pen “Kigin ni,” kici hi.

Khuado ding pulak ni pen Kigin ni, Meilah laakni, Laamsialni, ahih kei leh Vaihawmni kici hi. Hih ni-in khuado sunga gamtatdan ding leh a kisam ding teng vaihawmna, kithawina ni cih ding ahi hi. Singlam, tuilam kisialin tuinaak kihah hi. Khuado sunga zat ding vaak ding meilah la dingin khuasung nungak tangval inn lusikin gamlakah kuan uh hi. Lokuante in kha sam in, "a site kha, a hingte kha na-om uh leh hong ciah un, zuu leh sa ne ding hi hang," ci-in phuisamin lo buuka suangthu teng sawnpaai uh hi. Tua ni-in khuasung ah papite-in khuado sunga tum ding phiit bawl hi ta leh, khuado sunga gamtatzia ding hi ta leh kikumkhawmin lawman, zuubeel luupin tukhawm uh hi.

e) Pansik ni

Khuado a ni masa ni hi-in, “Api ni” ahih kei leh “Pansik ni” zong kici hi. Hih ni pen Khuado pawipi ni, gualnop pen ni zong hi-in, hih ni-in Sagawhna, Daihawhna, Khuado ankuang uumkhawmna, Kaubetna leh a zan ciangin Khuailaknate kihih hi. Zingsang khuavak phetin Lawmte' kong biangah dawi leh kau dalna in zuu beeltung khat tui leihsa, peeng siatsa in kiluup in, a kiangah zasan(maza) haalbangsa leh meihol kikoih hi.

• 1. Sagawhna: Khuado pen neihsa, khawhsa, vulhsa teng tawh hih theih zahin kibawlin vok kigo pen hi. Zingsang khuavaak ciangin papite in a pawl a pawlin vok goin, nithum sung a khom ding siit tuam pah uh hi. Sa semna-ah sakuang nam nih om in, sasem papite in a vok khawite leh a langte tan ding tuak a khen ma-un amau teng khamkhop ding thuuk masa uh hi. Tua pen “Sakuang baal neek” kici hi. Vok vulhte leh a langte' hawm pen “Sakuang Hawm” kici leuleu hi. Sagil bawl kawm, sa sem kawm, zuuluup zuudawn kawmin taang ziahziah uh hi. Tua lai takin inn nupite-in a-inntek uhah taaksih gaan huan uh hi. Naupangte-in khuang leh zam, daktal leh sialki tumin a sisate phawkna in mualte hah siang uh hi.
• 2. Daihawhna: Sate a min phetin a sin-a lung, a tuap leh a kalte themno tek eeukhia-in sawm tangvalte-in tua kum sunga misi a nei innkuanpihte puak uh hi. Hih sa sungkuate pen misite a ding a kikoih tuam hi-in, sun lam ciangin nupite-in zuu khaihsa leh taaksih tawh tua sate kengin haanah misite va lui uh hi. Hih pen “Daihawh” kici hi. A sisa a innkuanpihte' luguh pen sathau zuutzuut in zuu leh sa leh taaksih tah uha, hih pen “Si-ansuah” kici hi. Khua do pen a si leh a hing-te kizopna tawpna, kikhakna hunin kingaihsun ahih manin khuado ciangin mi pawl khat lungleeng khawngai-in kapkap mai uha, la zong hih bangin sa-uh hi:
• (a) Do na liingliing, do na liingliing e, Gualin kumkhua do na liingliing e,
• (b) Gual in kum khua do na liingliing e, Do haanah naubang vakap ta'ng e...
• 3. Ankuang uumna: Daihawhte nupite inn hong tun kik masiah an kineeksan thei lo hi. Nitaak ankuang uum dingin kikai khawm uh a, mi a kim takteh, papi a tal taak pen in zuu kam khat teepin phihin phuisam hi. Tua khit ciangin, a baan a baanin zuu pen gual teep uha, ankuang sa kuang uum-khawm uh hi. Anneek khit ciangin i Zo ngeina bangin ki-it, kingaihna, kideihsakzia lahna in sabaak leh sangoi kibaak khengkhangin gualnuam thei mahmah uh hi.
• 4. Kaubetna: Khanglui i pu i pate' hun lai-in misi a om ciangin a kha pen misi khua-ah pai pah lo-in, innsung, innnuai, innkuun leh sumtawng teng khawngah khuado masiah thaamcip den dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin misite a gil uh a kial mahmah ding ngaihsutna tawh misi a-om teh kawsah, ankhai, lukhung an cih bang kilui hamtang hi. Khangluite in misite pen dawite' peh hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin khuado sunga gilna laina a om lohna dingin dawi leh kaute notkhia-in kau kibeng hi. Anneekna a man khit uh ciangin kaubet nadingin meilahte sau silselin lim takin tenin a lom a lomin kihencip hi. Kaubet ding ciangin kong sak leh kong khangah meilah taakna ding nahtangkuak kikoih masa phot hi. Hausapa innah pasal teng kikaikhawmin phiit lem uh hi. Tua ciangin inn kimin meilah de ciat uh hi. Tualteekpa (siampipa) in a thau lawnin kaubet hong kipan pah hi. Tualteekpa khit ciangin midangte in beng bei pan hi. Kaubet pen pasal tangzang khat peuhin khut lang khat lamah meilah lom det kawmin tunga, heiga leh singkhuahbawk khat peuh tawi-in innsungtawng panin inntung innnuai innkawm teng baan satin:
  

  “Dawi hang, kau hang, nam hang aw, Na zun, na ek namsia, na ni na kha ciang ta; Nazi nata te'n hong lamet zawh sawtta, Nakhua, na tui zuan in,”

  ci-in kiko gamgam hi. Tua banga innkawm teng baansat in innkongbiang a tun ciangin a tunga pen daipua denna in, “A khuukbuuk, a ngaltaak kha ing ei,” ci-in a meilah ken khen nih suahin, lom khat khang gawlah, lom khat sak gawlah a kuangsa in siatin nusia hi. Hih pen dawite' hong lut kik ngam nawn lohna ding ahi hi. Tua kaubengpa pen mi thumin zui-in, khatin khuang, khatin daktal leh khatin thau tawi hi. Kaubet kipat ding ciangin thau khatvei lawnin, inn kongbiang a tun ciangin khatvei lawn kik hi. Inn khempheuh ah kau a kibet lai takin tumtheih tummawh teng tumin, thau lawnin kisa ngeingai hi.
• 5. Meidetna: Inn khempeuhah kaubetna a man khit ciangin, sawm tangval tengin gua dawnah meilah siatin a desa in khuang, zam leh daak tawh a honin hausapa inntualah kisutuahin thum vei kiimvial uh hi. Dena kaubetna kammalte mah zangin kizui kawmin awngin kiko damdam uh hi. Tua panin tum theih teng khempeuh tumin a lawhsa kammal teng mah lo kik zelin khuatual (Tualbiakna) ah pai-in thum vei mah kiimvial leuleu uh hi. Hih pen dawi neng kau neng bang neng peuhmah om nawn kei hen a cihna uh ahi hi. Sawm tangvalte khua sung hong lut kik uh ciangin meilah tum baangte hong lutpih kik thei lo uh hi. A hang in, dawi nawhna lamah meilahte natawm niin baangin siangtho nawn lo dingin seh uh ahih man hi. Meilah tum bang te khuanawl sing dawn, phung dawn peuhah siatin nusia uh hi. Mun khen kahtah tua meilah a tum baang teng kaikhawm uh a, meiphual sat uh hi. A khu a tam theihtheih nangin sawlbawk tawh khuh uh a, meikhu a paikhiatna dingin a laizang mun khat vangsak uh hi. Tua munsan pan meikhu hong zamkhiat ciangin siampipa in-
  “Sim kum pha hen na cih leh simah kaai in; Zo kum pha hen na cih leh zo-ah kaai in; Sim kum kong ngetna hi; zo kum kong ngetna hi; Miimbeem kong ngetna hi; Taangbeem kong ngetna hi; Cidam kong ngetna hi; ludam kong ngetna hi; Ludam, lungdam, khan sau kong ngetna hi; Tu sawn, ta sawn kong ngetna hi;Khi-awh pha, taubulh pha kong ngetna hi; Galmang lu, samang lu kong ngetna hi,” ci-in phuisam hi. Meikhu pen khua sung lamah a kaai leh khua sung kicidam ding hi, ci-in khangluimite in upna nei uh hi.
• 6. Khuailakna: Kaubet zawh lamna dianna teng a man ciangin, a kihawisa khuaibu la dingin sawm tangval te kuan uh hi. Tua khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sungah an leh tuikham leh kial, nat leh da-ma kipan tuahsiat tuahphat ding kihilna in ngaihsunin aisanna in akizang ahi hi. Tua hi a, khuailakna pen kithupi seh mahmah hi. Khuado khuai lakte pen zuu (khuaizu)a nei nam hi loin, no a nei nam, mi a deh thei nam, sing tung ahih kei leh lei sunga a kaai nam- tuunpi, tuunpi malnen, ngaltuun, ngaltheen, khuaimul leh khuaithumte khuaibu (khuaipheng) kila pen hi. Tua ciangin khuailakna-ah zat dingin Khuang khat, sial-ki khat, daktal a kipua zo zahzah, zuubeel peeng siatsa beel khat, khuaisah zu a vekin, phiit bu a kibawl zah-zah, naang lukhu kikeng hi. Zan puan ding leh a zing cianga kizepna ding puan a koihcingte zong pua uh hi. Khuailakna a kikeng zuu pen “Khuaisah Zuu” kici hi.

Zuute pen hausapa-a kipan khanghaam upate in beel khat ciat a sik uh, sawm tangval tengin zingsang lama a don, nitaak lama a khaihkholh uh zuute hi. Khuai omna mun a tun uh ciangin khuai pen mei tawh kihal loin a pi teng khut tawh khatkhatin manin, ahih kei leh gua taitep tawh tepin that khin masa uh hi. Khuaipi teng a mat khit uh ciangin khuaibu pen a kua ahih leh to uh a, a pheng ahih leh phelkham uh hi. Khuaibu sungah a pheng dal sawm ciang bang pha thei hi. Tua khuai-phengte lak panin a hoih a limci pen leh a tak pen ciamteh uh hi. Tua banga ciaptehna a bawl khit uh ciangin khuainote tunga saphuaklaibanga a pan dildel a paan pen damtak in hawkkhia uh hi. Khuaino zawngkhal khempeuh zongpaikhia in, a etlawm lo khempeuh nul siang uh hi. Kum saanna ding khuaibu pen a kisia lodingin kang takin lakhia uh a, naang lukhu sungah koih uh hi. Hih khuaibu lakhiapa pen tualteekpa in thuneihna a piakpa bek hi thei hi.

f) Kheekleh ni

Hih ni pen Khuado ni nihna “Khelleh Ni” kici hi. Hih ni in khuai tawh ai kisanin, nitaakin ankuang sa kuang ki-uumkhawm leuleu hi. Zingsang khuavak tuungin khuailate khuaibu tawh inn lam zuanin ciah uh a, khuasungah lut suak loin khawmualah kinga-in khuaibu pen taangpi taangta muh theih dingin sing-kung tungah koih uh hi. Khawmuala khuailate neek ding dawn ding khawsung pan nungakte in anphel tunsa leh zuu vapuak uh a, Khuailate in khawmualah khuazaangpi kim ngakna in la tuamtuamkhuai la, mualbawl la, khawmualpi late sa-in lamlam uh hi. Khuazaangpi a tun kim khit ciangin zuu kitulh, an kibaakin nuamsa mahmah uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Tualteekpa in khuaibu sangin khuasung lutpih uh hi.

• 1. Khuai tawh Aisanna: Khawsung a tun ciangin khuaitawipa mah masa in khuaibu pen Tual biakna mun lam manawhin kipaipih leuleu hi. Tua muna a na ngak upate in, "Sanno na hih leh na kik in, miim leh sawmtaang na hih leh hong lut in," ci-in na kal’ uh a, tua leh khuaitawipa in, "Sanpi, sanno hi keng; miim leh sawmtaang hi'ng" ci-in tua banga thumvei a kikalh a kidawn khit uh ciangin lutsak pan uh hi. (Sanpi, sanno cih pen natpi, natneu cihna hi). Tual a lut khit uh ciangin vial khat kiimkotin hih bangin khuai la sa uh hi:
• (a) Ngaltun e, ngalthen a, khuai aw e, Ka lo paama khuai aw e, sim ngalthen...
• (b) Nang in kum khua na thei-a kong dong e, Ningzuu a ken kogdong a, aisa a ken kongdong e...

Tua khit ciangin khuaibu pen tualsuang tunga a kiciing mawngkung tungah koih uh hi. Khuaibu tungah khawlu lam, khawtaw lam giitin ciaptehna kibawl a, khuainote paan honsa in koih uh hi. Tua khuaibu pen numei naupang leh nupi naupaaite et kiphal lo hi. Nitaak lam ciangin Upate in khualbu veel uh a, khuaibu sunga khuainote in a a khuhna a paan a na lam kik uh leh miimbeem taang beem a lamlam hi, ci uhin kum kik ciangin an kihau ding hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Khuano a si peuh a na om leh kum kik sungah a si a mang om ding hi hang, ci-in khuazaangmite mabaan ding hilkholhna in ngaihsun uh hi. Upate in khuaibu pen sia leh pha leh, mipi lungnop theihna dingin "Khuai Hoih Hi" ci-in pulak pong uh hi. An haute in geel-zuu a kici pen a beel a beel hong pua-in kiluup zihziah hi. Hih zuu pen mai kum cianga an hauh na’ng phuis-amsakna ahih manin a hau nuam peuhpeuhin zuu guansa in hong tawi uh hi. Tualteekpa in zu teepin khua lam nga-in phih kawikawi hi. Tua khit ciangin zu pen taangpi taangta in teep thei pan hi. Khuangtumpa in mipite cim dong laampih, la a oihpih khit ciangin mipite a inn ciat uhah an ne ding kikhen uh hi.

• 2. Geelzuu: Geelzuu pen taang sawmnih zuu ahi hi. Khanglui hun lai-in an khempeuh lak panin taang a minthangsak pen uh hi. Tuuk tun ciangin tangvalte in mi an neih zah ciamteh uh a, khuado cianga neek dingin taang sawmnih nei ciang peuhmah geelzuu luup dingin gaam pah uh hi. Taang sawmnih a nei lote zong peng(h) thei tuan loin, tangvalte lawh hoih bek khat bawlin, khawtaw panin dong to uh hi. Hun khat khit ciangin taang sawmnih a nei zo haksa ahih manin vaimiim sawmli a nei ciang zong geelzuu kiluupsak hi.

g) Khuaisaak tan ni

Khuado a ni thumna hi in, "Khuaisaak Tan Ni" a hih kei leh "Khuai-aih Ni" zong kici hi. Hih ni kuamah a pua pial thei loin a sawm ciat uhah om khipkhep uh hi. Khuai pen vok tawh ahi zongin, kel tawh ahi zongin, ak tawh ahi zongin ki-ai thei hi. Kel tawh khuai a aite pen a sih khit uh ciangin a luang bawm ding thote khuai in hung hi ci-in ngaihsun uh ahih manin kel tawh khuai aih ding thupi ngaihsut mahmah uh hi. Ni-taak lam ciangin nungak leh tangval lamtual mahah kisutuahin geelzuu luupin, la sa in, lam lialiai leuleu uh hi. Hih ni in zong a sawm ciat uhah khuai-aihna sa kuang an kuang uumkhawmin gualnuam mahmah uh hi.

h) Aisian ni

Khuado tawpna ni pen "A Sian Ni" kici hi. Mi khempeuh a utna tekah kihawh kiciah thei hi. Geelzuu mah zeekcing zo pen ahih manin mipite lamtual mahah kisutuah kik uh a, gualnop nunung pen ni ci-in la sasa-in, lamlamin khat leh khat ki-aamin nuamsa mahmah uh hi. A beisa ni nih ni thum sunga gamtat gual-nopzia teng lungsim sungah thaam denin nungak leh tangval lawm kitop, lawm kingaih neihkhiatna pawi bang suak a, aam mahmah uh ahih manin zuu leh sa kicinna-ah zanhak kha lai zong om thei hi. Gualnua-min nuam kisa mahmah ta leh zuu lah peeng ta, laamlaamna, la oihoihna, tanuk tatsuk tattohnate hangin ci leh sa lah gim ta ahih manin aam laipi mah innlam zuan tekin, Khuado pawi kikhinsan ta hi. Nungak leh tangval bek tham loh, mi kim adingin khuado pen kum khat tawntunga gualnop pen hun ahih manin khuado kaal ding kingaklah thei mahmah hi.

Sialsawm Pawi

Zomite in thupi taka i ngaihsut pawi nam nih – Khuado leh Sialsawm i nei hi. Sialsawm pen lo pawi khit, Dopi (April) kha-in a kibawl hi a, lo nasep vai hampi teng zawh aihna, Pasian kianga an leh khai hauhna ding leh khuahun hoihna ding ngetna pawi ahi hi. Sialsawm cih kammal khiatna pen “Sial zaha a lian ngiimna” cihna hi, a ci om hi. Sial zaha a lian an leh khai neih theihna dinga khuasiam biakna pawi, cihna hih tuak pen hi.

Zingsang tuungin sii kisawh zotang taaksih leh zu thawlno khat tawiin hanah dai kihawh a, a sisate phawkna leh thupha kibawl hi. Zing tuung mahin siampipa in Zotang anhang tawh khua sung cidamna ding leh hauhna ding aisan-in mailam ading thupha ngetna bawl hi. Naupang ten pute zu kholh in, pu ten a tute cidamna ding leh mapaina dingin tamphuah (thupha pia) uh hi. Sunkim ciangin tangvalte a sawm ciat uah kikhawmin ngawk sat uh hi. Ngawk sat ciangin nau-gual nihin tangval khat buan uh hi. Nau-gual ten a lelh leh tu kum kizawng ding, ci-in kiciamteh hi. A kibuan ma-un Sawm upate in ngawk to masa uh a, “Dawi dawi, ngawk ngawk e, lui vo!” ci-in thum vei a to khit uh ciangin kibuan thei pan uh hi. Sialsawm ciangin unau pata teng ahi zongin, a sawmsawmin ahi zongin gan go-in an nekkhopna kibawl hi. Papi khangham ten naupangte tungah Zo ngeina, khang tangthu leh i ki-it i kingaihna ding thu tuamtuam hilh uh hi.

Khua mial ciangin a Sawm ciat uah tangvalte kikaikhawmin, la awih leh lam tawh gualnuamin om uh hi. Mi a kim uh ciangin lawm-an (lawmngaihte an) siim dingin vakkhia uh hi. Hih hang hi ding hi, Siamsawm pen pawlkhat in ‘Lawm An Neek’ a cih uh. Nungakte innah a lawmngaihnu’ nu ahihkeileh a naunu in tangvalte neek ding zu leh sa lui uh a, a gaih valte sawmah ciahpih hamtang uh hi. Lawm ngaipa bel bangmah pia lo uh a, innka kiu khatah tu tuamsak uh hi. Tangval dang teng a ciah khit ciangin, nungaknu in innka kiu-a a om a lawmngaihpa zu leh sa tawh va zuan thei pan a, amau adingin tua zan nanana pen ‘Valentine’s Day’ hi bel mai hi. Sialsawm ciangin lawm kingai a omleh, lawmngainu adingin papi ten zu leh sa a limzaw deuh koih tuamsak ciatciat hi.

KHUA TUAMTUAMTE KISAATNA

Mangkangte hongkhanma in, Tedimgam leh Tonzanggam ki gawm pen anuai-a bangin khenthuminki-uk hi. Kam Hau gam-Tedim lei tawhtan leh Laitui saksiah, tu laitaka Tedimgam leh Tonzanggam teng huam hi. Tedim leh Tozang innpi pan ki-uk hi. Sukte gam –Tedimlei tawhtan nuaisiahleh gungal Kaptel Khangsiah, tu laitaka, Tedim gam sung teng huam hi. Saizang innpi pan ki-uk hi.Sihzang gam –Tu laitak a Tedim gam sung sihzang kual teng huam hi. Akhuakhua a ukpi te in uk hi.

MINAM HONG PIANNA

Zomi a kici diak, Tedim, Tonzang, Manipur, Khanti, Lesi, Homalin,Tamu leh Kalaygamsung a mite sungah zong teenna mun-le-mual zui-in ‘pau’ kilam danga, Minam neu tuatuam in kilawhna hongpiang hi. Amunmun ah mun leh mual zui-in a tuamtuam om a, 1962 kum a Tawlanzi kumpi hong khan ciangin, 1967/68 pawl in amunmun a tangthu leh ngeina hong kan a, Tedim, Tonzang, Tamu leh Kalaygam sunga Zomi a kici diakte minam 10 in hong kipsak hi; 1. Saizang, 2. Sihzang, 3. Teizang, 4.Zo, 5. Dim, 6. Thado-Kuki, 7. Khuano, 8. Hualngo, 9. Guite, 10. Tedim teng a hihi.

Saizang Mite’ Pianna

Mi masa te ciimnuai khua ah ateen lai-in, khuasung ah gamsaai kung pona zaangtam khat om a, tua zaanga tengte amun min pua-in ‘Saizangte’ na kici uh a, a nung sang ciangin tua pana apiang mite ‘Saizang minamte’ kici hi. Ciimnuai khua hong siat ciangin tua Saizang khuamun ah kituah uha, tuapan hong khangkhia uh hi.
Teenna Khuate; Saizang, Tualzang, Teeklui, Lailo, Thaangzang, Vongmual, Aipha, Mualpi, Tuitawh, Thalmual, Phaiza, Zampi, Taleek, Hiangawn, Tuitang.

Teizang Mite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai khua ah a kiteen lai-in, pawl khat meitei gun dungah lalsuk uha, gunpika a tun ciangin Luikakhua ci-in na teeng uh hi. Khua zaangtual biakna pen khualaizang a Paaangsing pi nuai suangtumpi khat gei ah bawl uh hi. Nitak khuaphat, khatan ciangin naupangte tua suangpi phuang ah kimawl zeeel uh a, naupang mang thei zeel hi.

Hong et phat uh ciangin tua suangpi nuai ah kuahawm khat om a, tua sung pan in gulpi khat in naupang la thei zeel hi. Khua mite in thaang a siah leh gulpi awk a, akaih uh leh a gulpi saulua in ki kaikhia zolo hi. Tua the a gulpi hong pau-a, “Ka omna thuuk mahmah a, ka mei-in gun abaan hi, vansuangzawl ah kivial hi, hong kai zo kei nuteh’ acih ciangin gulpi attan in a khuazangin a sa hawm uh hi.

Meigong nupi khat asa pialo-in, a lutang pia uh a, tua nitakin meigongnu in bualtungkhua pan zin nih a nei hi. Nupinu in a gul lutang huan a, buhtei tawh a zauh leh gul lutang hong pau-in : “ka mit nong sun kha deh” ci hi. Nupinu zong lau-in vokkuang ah bua hi.

Zankim tak ciangin ak lamdang khat hong khuanga, “zinte kha ve vua” ci hi. Innteeknu lunghimawh in a khuapihte kiangah agen hang thudon lo uh hi. Innteeknu in akkhuang a zakkik tak ciangin, a-uital leh a zinte nih tawh pai khia in, khuanawl a tunphet in huihpi nunga a khua kicim in a khuabup un sicip uh hi. A zin tegeel akhua uh ah ciahsuak a, nupinu baangzang ah teeng hi. Nupinu a gaisa in a pasal in a nusiat hi a, a-uital tawh luika khua Baangzang khua hong teen ciangin nau hong suak a, amin Suk Zo phuak hi. Naupang ong khan ciangin tu a Mualbeem khuamun Teipi phung khat ah hong teeng hi. Tua teipi paulam in Teizang pau leh minam hong piang khia hi.
Ak khuan aw ciaptehna tuamtuam te:
“Ngente te khua kilawi, malzinte tai ta ve un” “khuabe khua min in luan, alai-a nutate le zin tun aw na tai in” (Zote)Baangzang khua ah nupi nu a nopsak sunga a la phuah:

• (a) Luika khua men in vuk taleh, Baangzang dawh in tam nalai hi e.
• (b) Lianu Khat in khua vasaat ing, Baangzang ah bansang ka gual hi e...

Teenna Khuate: Mualbeem, Zangzawl, Dakdung, Buan, Heilei, Suangphei, Sim Suangzang, Langzang, Pangsak, Zangtui, Mualnuam, Gawsing, Tuipi, Pangzang, Keltal, Luangel, Saipimual, Lingthuk, Vaikhuamun, Sialtui, Fartlang.

Dim Mite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai khua panin pawlkhat in Geeltui khua hong saat a, tagah Thang Ho leh Lian Do te unau hong nuamsa hi, ci-in ki ciamteh hi. Geeltui panin pawlkhat in Dimpi khua hong saat a, Dimpi pan Dimlo ah pawlkhat hong peem in, tua Dimpi, Dimlo pan a hong khangkhia teng Dim minam kici hi.
Teenna khuate: Dimpi, Dimlo, Sezang, Laitui, Tuicinlui, Tungzang, Suanghoih, Mal Suangzang, Tedim, Pyidawth, Kalaymyo.

Khuano Mite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai pan geeltui, Dimpi a teengte lakpan in Suante pawlkhat in Sasih khua saat hi. Inn(7) bek pha-a, Tawmno cik tengden ahih manin khuano a kici pai suak ahi hi. Sasih khua pan a khangkhiate khuano mite kici uh a, tua pan Phunom khua hong zuan uh hi.
Teenna khuate: Zung, Phunom, Thangnuai, Suangpi, Tuisau, Laibung, Tuivial, Pimpih, Ngalzang, Tampi, Cingpikot(Keizaang), Muallum, Vando, Sozang, Pyidawtha, Nawikai, Dolluang, Mualnuam, Budiman, Lalta, Khuabem, Tuilang, Lunmual, Phaileng,

Guite mite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai ah Pu Song Thu Suan Thadogam luah Aisan gui Sek Thah in a zi ta nei theilo ahihmanin apa nota nu Nem Nep(Nepbuk) tawh om khawm hi. Nau gil hong neih ciangin a zi pi lungkim nangin a pi-in ngaihsutna khat hongngah a, aktui tang(2) la in, akong khang singheeng sung khat ah koih hi. Khatvei akhua-upate in a etleh aktui tang (2) muhi. La in khathuan a-a ciap leh “kha ei” ci uh hi. A tangkhat om lai pen a taang beem tung nizangkapna ah koih sakhi. A Sanggamnu nauhongsuak takciangin, a zipi theih loh kal in beem tunga aktuila khia in, a naungeek koih a, “beem tungah nau kap, i aktui keuh hi’n teh” ci-in azipi lasak hi. Tua ciangin a khua-upate sam kik in, nizang kapna pan' a kingah cihna in a min Nitui Nigui “GUITE” phuak uh hi. Guite suan leh khak te guite minam kici-a, Laamzang, Vangteh pan hong khangto in India gam dong tung hi.(Nigui ta upa Guite hi’n tapa nauzaw Nivang tate munluah, Zilom, Naulak..unaute ahih hi. Anaute Phiamphu leh Vangsuk tawh unau khat a-a ciamteh zong omlai hi.
Teenna khuate: Vangteh, pakzang, Tuizang, Thaangsan, Haiciin, Tuimui, Tuimang, Pangmual,Tongciin, selbung, Sekpi, Vaivet, Suangbem

Sihzang Mite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai khua ah pawl khat sihkhuuk omna zang khat ah teeng uh a, tua pan a hong khangte Sihzang mi kicihi. Tua pan Thuantak hong saat uha, tu-a sihzanggam sung tengah hong teeng uh hi hi.
Teenna khuate: Thuklai, Khuasak, Buanman, Lophei, Bung, Zongal, Voklak, Pumva, Theiizang, Dolluang, Suangdawh, Takkhawl.

Zoute’ Pianna

Ciimnuai khuapanin Pu Hang Hil makai in TungNung,Lian Zaw, te tawh Baalzang khua saat uh hi. Baalzang khua pen mual dawn zopi lak ah om ahih manin, tuapan a piangte ”Zoute” Kici a,minam min hong suak hi.
Teenna khuate: Phaitu, Haimual, Tualmu, Khuadai, Bumzang, Salzang, Takzang, Phuntong, Sialthaw, Lamthang, Buangzawl, Mimbil, Khamzang, Gamngai, Lungtak, Sialmawng, Anlun, Geelmual, Khianglam Talzang, Phaidim, Thauthe, Maulawn, Khuamun, Lomzang, Seksih, Haipi, Buangmual, Khuaivum, Sialmei, Bizang, Vanlai,Thenzang, Sialthawzang, Tuigialzang, Tuilam.

Thado-kukite’ Pianna

Ciimnuai Khua pan pawlkhat gun gal nitumna lam Tuimu,Nuamkhua, Ankhum, Tuithang, Tungzang, Ngalbual, Lalta,Tangkhawng, Zampi, Mualpi cihte ah teeng to in India gam dong na tung hi. Thado-kukite pen minamkhat, pau namkhat, ngeina khat hinapi,pawlkhat thado inkilo uh a, pawlkhat KUKI kici uh hi. Guite pianna Pu Sek Thah in a nung sang ciangin azi pi tawh aneih tapate panin Thado namte piang hi. Thado akicite in amau pen apupi uh Thado min tawh kilo in ki ciamteh hi. Kuki akicite in amau pen Zomi khem peuh huam a i min hi ci-in ciamteh uh hi.
Teenna khuate: Hangken, Sebawk, Khuangkhan, Thangsih, Bualzang, Hiangzang, Singpial, Tangsit, Balbil, Suangpeek, Halkom, Siallup, Sihpeek, Khuamnuuai, Khuatei, Zonglawn, Aisih, Mawngzang, Pawnpi, Mangkuh, Sulpi.

Hualngo mite' pian na

Pu Thlapa in Kachingam tawn in a tap lusei-a tawh Khampat ah hong teenga, tua pan Falamgam suumpi khua ah lal hi. Lusei-a tate sungpan Pu Hualngo suan-le-khak te Hualngo mi kici-a, Falam, Tedim, Tonzang gamgi dung teng ah teeng uh hi.
Teenna Khuate: Darkhai, Bapi,Bukphir, Ngente, Zimpi, Zimte, Thinghlei, Tuidil, Dampi, Vutbuak, Haimual, Kawilam.

Tedim mite’ Pianna

Tedimte (Tedim clan) ci-in a tuung lam in kua mah om tuam lo hi. Hun hong sawt toto a Pu Kam Hau in Tedim hongluah ciangin tua laitak a ateengsa mi nam(7) Saizang,Teizang, Dim, Guite, Zo,Thahdo-kuki, Vaiphei (Hual Ngo) te sungpanin pautaang (commong language TEDIM ngeina hongpiang khia hi. Tua ahih main Tedim pau pen a neituam omlo-a akitaanga ih neih vek ahi hi. Hih minam (7) sungah Ngeina Tatzia tawh kisai a bulpi (3) Teizang, Dim, Zo om a, tua teng sungpan ngeina taang TEDIM ngeina hongpianga, hih zong i taangneih mah ahi hi. Tua ahih manin minam tuamtuam kigawmte Tedim hong ten' ciang, tua pan pautaang-TEDIM pau, ngeina taang-TEDIM ngeina hong pian' aki pan kuama aituam hilo-in, Zomi akici deuh minam(clan) 10 te ki gawmna ahi hi. Mangkang te hong khanma in Tedim ah Pu Kam Hau’galmatte simloh beh nampi 20 te teeng khawmin, pautaang, ngeina taang zang khawm thei hi, ci-in ki ciamteh hi.
Tua beh te:

Sukte	Guite
Thahdo	Vaiphei
Khuangzang	Manlun
Mantuang	Munluah
Zilom	Naulak
Hatzaw	Hatlang
Lethil	Bawmkhai
Buansing	Valte
Hangluah	Tapsak
Gualnam	Tawmbing

Tedim khua inn 300 aphak laitak (AD-1810) khit ciangin Pu Kam Hau (sukte) makai in Pu Khoi Lam (Hatzaw) leh Pu Mang Gin (Hatlang) te tawh KAM HAU UPADI nabawl-a, Tedimgam taangpi a ki-ukna a hi hi.

ZOMI LAISIMNA

Lai neihna

Savun lai i neih pen uipi gilkial in hong neksak ahih manin sawtpi zawh kum 1899 ciangin Pau Cin Hau lai kinei kik pan hi. Tua pen Zotuallai kici in kum 1922 ciangin Roman lai tawh Cope Topa in hong laihsak a ‘Zolai’ kici in, kum 1932 ciangin Zolai tawh Thuciam Thak masa pen kikhen hi. 1970 Paite pau tawh Laisiangthou buppi kizo. 1977 Tedim Lai Siangtho kizo. Tualsuak Lai Hun (AD 1400 malam)

Zomiten tanglaiin lai kinei a, savun tunga kigelh ahih manin Savun Lai (or Tualsuak Lai) kici hi. A hun pen a tangthu pan Zomite Kawlgam pan Khamtung i peem cil lai ahih manin AD 1400 malam hi ding hi. Zosuante lakah Zomi bekin ‘Lai’ cih kammal kinei a, Pawiten Kawlpau kawmin Sa ci uh a, Luseiten vaipau kawmin Lehkha ci uh hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite in tanglaiin lai nei ngei takpi i hihna leh Savun lai pen Zomite a ahihna kilang hi. Tua savun lai pen ui in tuah mang ahih manin lai kinei nawnlo hi, kici hi. Tuallim Lai Hun (AD 1900 malam)

Khanglui huna i pu i pate in lai neilo theilo uh ahih manin thu pen lungsim leh la tawh na ciamteh uh hi. A gal mat sa mat zah uh singkhuam dawnah sa lu gal lu suangin khau khihbawkin ahi zah na ciamteh uh hi. Suang hiam suiin a sa mat a gal mat uh lim bawlin zong khawmualah na phut uh hi. Pau Cin Hau lai i neih zawh panin a lim bek hi nawn loin a thu tawh kihelkhawm to hi. Tu dongin kimu thei omlai hi. Zotual Lai Hun (AD 1900-1930)

1900 kum pawlin Pau Cin Hau Lai or Laipian Lai or Zotual Lai kici Lailui khua, Pau Cin Hau (1859-1948) in mang a muhna pan 1896-1898 kum sungin kammal khatteh laimal khat ta ahi laimal 1050 bawlkhia a, laibu-in bu guk suah hi. 1901 kumin khaw 13 pan mi 51 sinin siam uh a, tuaten amau khua ciatah midang hilhsawn uh hi. Galpi Khatna sunga France pai Zomite leh innlam ten lai kikhakna in a zat theih sun uh hi a, tua in Zomite lakah Zotual lai kizeel mahmah ta hi. Tua ahih manin ABM missionary Rev. J. H. Cope in zong 1931 kumin Mualtung Thuhilhna bu bawlna-in Zotual lai na zang hi. Chin Hills Deputy Commissioner Lt. Col. Burne leh Rev. J.H. Cope’ malakpihna tawh 1936 kumin Thang Cin Kham, Pau Za Dong, Cin Khaw Gin leh Sian Khaw Cin ten puahpha uh a, consonant 21, vowel 16, tonal sign 20 suahin a vekin laimal 57 phasak uh hi. Tudong Laipian Pawlpi sungah kizang lai hi. 1981-1997 sungin Kawlzangah Zotual lai sinna 30 vei kibawl a, tua-ah sia 38 in hilhin mi 1833 in siamna certificate ngah uh hi. Zotual lai pen 1900-1930 kikal sungin lim kizat bel a, tu dong Laipian pawlpi sungah kizang suak hi. Mangtual Lai Hun (AD 1908 pan)

Tulai taka i zat leh i zat suak ding zong hih tuak Mangtual Lai (or Zolai or Ni Sagih Lai) i cih pen 1908 kuma Rev. J.H. Cope (1882-1938) hong tun phetin Zomi Christian suak masa pen Khawsak khua-a Pau Suan leh Thuam Hangte nih Hakha-ah samin Zopau kihilhsak a, tua pan Mikang laimal (Romannised script) tawh laimal hong bawlsak kipan pah hi. Pau Suante hilh Zopau pen Sihzang kam hi a, tua tawh 1908-1910 sungin laimai 40 a pha laisimbu bawlin, Tedimah 1911 kum pan nitaak sangah sinsak hi. Ahi zongin Rev. Cope in mikim in Sihzang kam tel khinlo cih nung muh nunawh a, tua sawng teng pau leh lai vaiah a vanglak mahmah hun ahi hi. Sangah Kawllai a kihilh zawh a kum sawma sim pha khin ta si, Pau Cin Hau Lai lah kilim zat mahmah khin ta si, tuapi maha Roman script tawh laimal hong bawlsak Rev. Cope pen bang pau tawh laihilh suak a, bang laimal zang suak ding cihah na lungbuai mahmah hi.

Tua ahih manin 1919 kumin Tedim uk sunga hausa lian teng samkhawmin bang kam tawh laihilh ding cih genpih a, Sihzang kam mah tah veve hi. Tuimui hausapa Guite Mang Za Thang in, “Ko Sihzang kam tel khinlo ung a; ko kam lah midangten tel khin tuanlo ding na hih manun Kam Hau kam (Tedim pau) hi leh kitel kim pen ding hi,” a cih leh hausa dangten bangmah genlo uh ahih manin Tedim pau zat dingin thukimna bawl uh hi. Tua zawh a sawt lo, 1922 kumin kumpite in Falam khua pen Chin Hills phualpi ahih ciang taangkam pianna dingin Chin Hills bupah Laizo (Falam) pau tawh laihilh ding cih thupiak bawl hi. Rev. Cope in Zomite adingin Tedim pau leh Roman script tawh bawl laimal mah hoih pen ding hi, ciin pan khawh a, tua hangin Chin Hills Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Burne tawh kimukhial dekdek heel uh hi. Zomite laimal ding Roman script tawh bawl pen Royal Asiatic Society in zong 1912 kumin hoih a sak pen thu na pulak zo hi. Hih tawh kisai 1920-21 sungin Falamah leh 1923, October 23 niin Maymyo Chin Education Rev. Cope pen Chin Hills-ah lai lama naseem pen hi si ahih manin a tawp a tawpah Chin Hills bup sang vai thuneihnateng (Honorary Inspector of Schools) Rev. Cope tungah ap in, a deih bangin 1925 kum pan Zogama primary school tengah Kawllai kiphiatin Tedim pau, Hakha pau, Falam pau leh Chinbok pau teng tawh laihilh hong kipan to hi. Hih bang teng hang tawh Rev. Cope pen Zomite in Sangmangpa kici a, Cope topa cih tawh min nih kitangsak hi.

Lai laakna munte:

• SB.Langno, ZAM Magazine 2009
• J. Thang Lian Pau (sialkal.com)
• Rev. Khup Za Go (khupzago.blogspot.com)
• Hau Za Cin (hauzacin.blogspot.com)
• Vaphual Magazine (vaphual.net)
• Naulak Innkuan (naulakfamily.org)
• Email/Internet